UK Adoption Process – Legal requirements and how to start

The UK adoption process is a comprehensive legal journey designed to ensure that children are placed in safe, loving, and permanent homes. If you’re considering adoption, it’s essential to understand the legal requirements and the steps to start your journey. For tailored support, our Family Law Solicitors are here to guide you through every phase of the process.

Adopting a child in England and Wales involves a structured and regulated procedure. The laws are aimed at safeguarding children’s welfare while ensuring prospective parents are well-prepared. Whether you’re adopting through a local authority or a voluntary adoption agency, being informed is key to a successful outcome.

Understanding the legal definition of adoption

In England and Wales, adoption is the legal process by which an adult becomes the permanent parent of a child. Once the adoption is finalised by a court order, the child is no longer legally connected to their birth parents. The adoptive parents gain full parental responsibility.

Legal requirements for adopting in the UK

Before starting the UK adoption process, applicants must meet several legal criteria:

• Be over 21 years of age.
• Have a fixed and permanent residence in the UK.
• Pass enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks.
• Demonstrate physical and emotional ability to raise a child.

Applicants can be single, married, in a civil partnership, or cohabiting. Sexual orientation or religion does not affect eligibility.

Initial steps in the UK adoption process

1. Contact an adoption agency – You must register with a local authority or a voluntary adoption agency approved by Ofsted.
2. Information meeting – Attend a session that outlines the adoption process, expectations, and next steps.
3. Registration of interest – Submit a formal application to begin the assessment process.

The two-stage assessment process

The adoption process in England and Wales includes two key stages:

Stage one: Initial checks and preparation

• DBS and health checks.
• References from friends, family, and employers.
• Preparation training sessions.

Stage two: Full assessment

• Social worker conducts in-depth interviews and home visits.
• Assessment report compiled for the Adoption Panel.

The whole process typically takes around 6 months from registration to approval.

Approval and matching with a child

Once approved, you’ll be matched with a child who fits your family’s profile. You will:

• Review the child’s profile and medical history.
• Meet the child over a series of visits.
• Move the child in once the match is formally agreed.

Following a successful placement, you must wait at least 10 weeks before applying for an adoption order in family court.

Post-adoption support services

Adoptive families are entitled to post-adoption support, which may include:

• Therapeutic services.
• Adoption support groups.
• Education and health resources for adopted children.

Learn more about national adoption policies from the UK Government’s official site: www.gov.uk/child-adoption.

Case scenario

Sarah and John, began the UK adoption process through their local authority. After attending preparation workshops and undergoing assessments, they were matched with a 4-year-old girl. The process, while emotionally intense, took about 10 months. With legal guidance from a family solicitor, they finalised the adoption in court and now benefit from ongoing support tailored to their daughter’s needs.

Expert insights on the UK adoption process

Legal professionals stress the importance of thorough preparation. Key tips include:

• Engage early with a qualified solicitor.
• Document all assessments and correspondence.
• Stay informed on policy updates and your rights as adoptive parents.

Our Family Law Solicitors have a wealth of experience and knowledge in handling all aspects of family law and its complexities. We understand that needing a family lawyer will likely be the most important legal advice you will ever seek. That’s why our expert, friendly team can offer you confidential, informative advice and assistance, in an environment you can trust.

Contact us for more information.

FAQs

What is the UK adoption process?

The UK adoption process is a legal and social procedure that allows individuals to become permanent parents of a child. It involves registration, assessment, matching, placement, and a final court order.

Who can adopt in the UK?

Anyone over 21 years old with a stable UK residence can apply. You can be single, married, in a civil partnership, or in a same-sex relationship.

How long does the adoption process take in the UK?

The process usually takes around 6–12 months, depending on the agency, assessments, and matching stage.

What support is available for adoptive parents?

Adoptive parents can access therapy, financial support, parenting workshops, and education services via local authorities and adoption agencies.

Definition: What is adoption in the UK?

Adoption in the UK legally transfers all parental rights from the birth parents to the adoptive parents, granting the child a new identity and family structure.

What are the stages of the UK adoption process?

1. Contact an adoption agency.
2. Attend an information session.
3. Submit your registration of interest.
4. Complete Stage One (checks and training).
5. Complete Stage Two (home study).
6. Get approval and be matched with a child.
7. Apply for an adoption order in court.

Are there costs involved in adopting in the UK?

Adopting through a local authority is typically free. However, legal and court fees may apply when finalising the adoption.

This article was produced on the 24th October 2025 for information purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as specific legal advice.